Ashish Joshi, Kapil Chahal, Damini Singh
ABSTRACT
Ruthenium-catalyzed C-H activation has emerged as a powerful tool in modern organic synthesis, offering unique opportunities for selective bond formation. Ruthenium complexes, renowned for their stability and functional group tolerance, enable the activation of inert C-H bonds under mild conditions. This approach has been extensively utilized for the construction of C-C, C-N, C-O, and C-S bonds through processes like olefination, alkylation, arylation, and annulation. Notably, ruthenium catalysis facilitates directed group-assisted transformations, providing site-selective functionalization of aromatic and aliphatic substrates. Mechanistic investigations have unveiled the prevalence of concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) pathways and oxidative addition, influenced by substrate and reaction conditions. Recent strides in the field include the development of sustainable and atom-economic strategies utilizing O2 or air as terminal oxidants, as well as the incorporation of asymmetric catalysis for enantioselective transformations.
Keywords: C-H bond activation, C-H functionalization, Annulations.
